Josephine Mueni Mukala - 13750 Words

Josephine Mueni Mukala (Research Proposal Sample) Content: DECLARATIONI do hereby solemnly declare that this research proposal is original work, both in substance and form has not been presented to any other learning institution for an academic award of Bachelor degree in Early Childhood Education.Name: Josephine Mueni MukalaAdm. No. : BECD/112/01025Sign:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Date:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬This research propasol has been submitted with my approval as the Mount Kenya University supervisorName: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.Sign:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Date:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.DEDICATIONThis research is dedicated to my lovely family for supporting me financially and guidance. To my husband and children whose love, support, guidance and inspiration were given to me generously throughout my study period. Note forgetting my colleagues for their support during the research and writing of this project.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis research was backed up by various people who have been instrumental and influential in order to make it success. I would very much like to acknowledge assistance in the writing of this work to my greatest and profound lecturers at Mount. Kenya University, for their time, labour and assistance and most of all for helping acquire this merit. Due regards to my supervi sor, for his supervision and input in the writing of this project without which this doubting task would was insurmountable.Thanks also to my family, thank you for availing me with the funds to put these findings into paper. Thank you for taking good care of me throughout the pursuit of this career. Great gratitude also goes to my husband and children who besides were my support and suggested that I take this course. I thank God for his guidance and for giving me good healthy throughout my study period.Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u DECLARATION PAGEREF _Toc423360066 \h iDEDICATION PAGEREF _Toc423360067 \h iiACKNOWLEDGMENT PAGEREF _Toc423360068 \h iiiLIST OF FIGURES PAGEREF _Toc423360069 \h viLIST OF TABLES PAGEREF _Toc423360070 \h viiABSTRACT PAGEREF _Toc423360071 \h viiiLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PAGEREF _Toc423360072 \h ixCHAPTER ONE1.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc423360074 \h 11.2Background of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360075 \h 11.3Statement of the Problem PAGEREF _Toc423360076 \ h 31.4Purpose of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360077 \h 41.5Objectives of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360078 \h 41.6Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc423360079 \h 51.7The scope of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360080 \h 51.8Significance of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360081 \h 51.9Assumptions of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360082 \h 61.10Limitations of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360083 \h 61.11Delimitations of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360084 \h 61.12Theoretical Framework PAGEREF _Toc423360085 \h 61.13Conceptual Framework PAGEREF _Toc423360086 \h 7CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc423360089 \h 92.2 Parentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Income PAGEREF _Toc423360090 \h 92.3 Parentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ level of Education PAGEREF _Toc423360091 \h 132.4 Household Composition PAGEREF _Toc423360092 \h 152.5 Parental Occupation PAGEREF _Toc423360093 \h 212.6 Summary of the Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc423360094 \h 22CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc423360097 \h 233.2 Research Design PAGERE F _Toc423360098 \h 233.3 Location of the Study PAGEREF _Toc423360099 \h 233.4 The Target Population PAGEREF _Toc423360100 \h 243.5 Sampling Technique and Sample Size PAGEREF _Toc423360101 \h 243.6 Research Instruments PAGEREF _Toc423360102 \h 253.6.1 Questionnaire PAGEREF _Toc423360103 \h 253.6.2 Interview Schedules PAGEREF _Toc423360104 \h 263.7 Piloting of Research Instruments PAGEREF _Toc423360105 \h 263.7.1 Validity PAGEREF _Toc423360106 \h 273.7.2 Reliability PAGEREF _Toc423360107 \h 273.8 Data Collection Procedure PAGEREF _Toc423360108 \h 273.9 Data Analysis PAGEREF _Toc423360109 \h 28REFEREES PAGEREF _Toc423360110 \h 29APPENDICES PAGEREF _Toc423360111 \h 35APPENDIX I: COVER LETTER PAGEREF _Toc423360112 \h 35APPENDIX II PAGEREF _Toc423360113 \h 36APPENDIX III PAGEREF _Toc423360114 \h 37APPENDIX: IV PAGEREF _Toc423360115 \h 38LIST OF FIGURESFigure1.1: Conceptual Frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬..à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬8LIST OF TABLESTable 3: 1 Target population:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.24Table 3.2: Sample size à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.25ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to find out the factors contributing low enrollment of girl child in preschool within Starehe Constituency Nairobi County, Kenya. The studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s objectives were to establish the relationship between parental income, education level o f the parent, household composition, and parental occupation on children enrolment in preschool. The study employed cross-sectional design, targeting parents with children who should be in preschool, head teachers and the area chief of Starehe sub-county in Nairobi County. The researcher used snowball sampling to identify potential respondents in the study. The sample size comprised of parents with children who should have joined preschool. Documentary analysis was provided by the head-teachers showing preschool children enrolment. Interview schedule was used to collect information from parents while questionnaires were used for the head teachersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and the area chief. Reliability of the instrument was ensured by computing a reliability coefficient and validity was tested through a pilot study. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The research utilized descriptive analysis and data was presented in form of tables, graphs and pie charts. Research findings would be valuable to the government and education policy makers as it will inform them and give them a basis of further study particularly in children enrolment in preschools, parents, teachers and all scholars interested in education and factors affecting preschool children enrolment especially girlsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSECDE :Early Childhood Development EducationDEO :District Education OfficerFPE :Free Primary EducationNGOs :Non Governmental OrganizationsOECD :Office of Early Childhood DevelopmentSPSS :Statistical Package for Social SciencesUNESCO :United Nations Education Scientific and Culture OrganizationECDE : Early Childhood Development and Education.ECE :Early Childhood Education.CHAPTER ONE 1 IntroductionThis chapter gives the introduction to the subject of study that is to investigate the factors contributing to low enrolment of girl child in pre-schools in Starehe constituency. This entails the statement of the problem, background information , and significance of the study, scope of the study and limitation of the study among others. 2 Background of the StudyAccording to UNESCO, Early Childhood is defined as the period from birth to 8 years old. A time of remarkable brain development, these years laid the foundation for subsequent learning. The terms pre-school education and Kindergarten emphasize education around the ages 3-6 years. Early Childhood Education (ECE) often focuses on child learning through play. However, many child care centers are now using more educational approaches. They are creating curricular and incorporating it into the early daily routines to foster greater educational learning. Ideas of ECE can be traced back to 400BC in Platoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s book, "The Republicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Plato advocated that childhood education should be made interesting, and attractive through music, play, number work and geometrical exercises. Similarly, the importance of providing rich early experiences and impressions for children was expressed by John Amos Comenius and John Locke, (Demarest et al,(1993).Their ideas on effective early childhood teaching were expressed in their books: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"School of infancyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Some Thoughts on Education,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ respectively.Later philosophers like Jean Jacques, Rousseau and Jean Heinrich Pestalozzi furthered concern for ECE by recognizing the importance of providing education to help young children suffering from deprivation due to war or slum conditions. Their goal was to create educational centersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ in which they hoped to provide these child...